Ḥadīth regarding al-Ḥajar ‘l-Aswad

[ummtaalib]

Ḥadīth regarding al-Ḥajar ‘l-Aswad

 

The black stone (al-Ḥajar ‘l-Aswad) has many virtues, one of them is the ability to clear your sins (by Allāh’s leave) when you kiss or touch it, Imām al-Tirmidhī has related in his Jāmi‘ (877):

 

حدثنا قتيبة حدثنا جرير عن عطاء بن السائب عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

 

نزل الحجر الأسود من الجنة وهو أشد بياضا من اللبن فسودته خطايا بني آدم قال وفي الباب عن عبد الله بن عمرو وأبي هريرة قال أبو عيسى حديث ابن عباس حديث حسن صحيح

 

(Imām al-Tirmidhī says) Qutaybah related to us, who said Jarīr narrated to us from ‘Atā’ ibn al-Sā’ib from Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr from Ibn ‘Abbās who said: Rasūlullāh ﷺ said:

 

“The black stone descended from paradise and was (originally) whiter than milk while the sins of the sons of Ādam turned it black.”

Imām al-Tirmidhī comments: “There is another ḥadīth from ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr and Abū Hurayrah concerning this chapter, and the ḥadīth of Ibn ‘Abbās is a ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ ḥadīth.”

 

Mullā ‘Alī al-Qārī comments on the words “sons of Ādam turned it black” to mean:

 

أي صارت ذنوب بني آدم الذين يمسحون الحجر سيا لسواده

 

Meaning: “The sins of the sons of Ādam made it turn black due to touching the (black) stone.”

Mirqāt ‘l-Mafātīḥ (9/45)

 

Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī points out in his Fatḥ ‘l-Bārī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ ‘l-Bukhārī (3/462):

 

ومنها حديث ابن عباس مرفوعا : نزل الحجر الأسود من الجنة وهو أشد بياضا من اللبن ، فسودته خطايا بني آدم . أخرجه الترمذي وصححه ، وفيه عطاء بن السائب وهو صدوق لكنه اختلط ، وجرير ممن سمع منه بعد اختلاطه ، لكن له طريق أخرى في صحيح ابن خزيمة فيقوى بها ، وقد رواه النسائي من طريق حماد بن سلمة ، عن عطاء مختصرا ، ولفظه الحجر الأسود من الجنة وحماد ممن سمع من عطاء قبل الاختلاط ،

 

“From those narrations is the ḥadīth of Ibn ‘Abbās marfū‘an (raised back to the Prophet): ‘The black stone descended from paradise and was (originally) whiter than milk while the sins of the sons of Ādam turned it black.’ Imām al-Tirmidhī narrated it and authenticated it. In it [the isnād] is ‘Aṭā’ ibn ‘l-Sā’ib, he is trustworthy but he suffered from ikhthilāṭ [mixing up narrations in the latter stage of his life], and Jarīr was from those who heard from him after his ikhthilāṭ [meaning there is weakness]. However, there is another route for this as narrated in Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Khuzaymah [2557] that gives it strength. Whilst al-Nasā’ī [3801] narrated a shorter version from Ḥammād ibn Salamah from ‘Aṭā’ with the wording (only) being: ‘The black stone descended from paradise.’ Ḥammād was from those who heard ‘Aṭā’ before he (‘Aṭā’) suffered from ikhthilāṭ [meaning the narrations of Ḥammād from ‘Aṭā’ are sound].”

 

It is worth noting that the words of the narration in Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī: “The black stone was (originally) whiter than milk while the sins of the sons of Ādam turned it black”, without the wording that it ‘descended from heaven’, has also been narrated via Ḥammād from ‘Aṭā’ as mentioned in the Mu‘jam ‘l-Kabīr of al-Ṭabarānī (1215) with the wording being ‘whiter than ice’ instead of ‘milk’:

 

حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ السَّيْلَحِينِيُّ ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ” كَانَ الْحَجَرُ الأَسْوَدُ أَشَدَّ بَيَاضًا مِنَ الثَّلْجِ حَتَّى سَوَّدَتْهُ خَطَايَا بَنِي آدَمَ “

 

Imām Ḍiyā’ ‘l-Dīn al-Maqdisī incorporated this ḥadīth in his book: al-Aḥādīth ‘l-Mukhtārah (3614) where he strived to compile only authentic narrations.

 

Some objectors to this virtue utilise a narration in Ṣaḥīḥ ‘l-Bukhārī (1520) from ‘Umar ibn ‘l-Khaṭṭāb that he came close to al-Ḥajar ‘l-Aswad and kissed it, and that he then said:

 

 

إني أعلم أنك حجر لا تضر ولا تنفع ولولا أني رأيت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقبلك ما قبلتك

 

“No doubt, I know that you are [only] a stone, you cannot cause harm nor can you benefit. Had I not seen the Prophet ﷺ kissing you, I would not have kissed you.”

 

Commenting on this narration Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar says in short:

 

قوله : ( لا تضر ولا تنفع ) أي إلا بإذن الله

 

“‘Umar’s saying ‘you cannot cause harm nor can you benefit’, meaning: ‘except by the leave of Allāh.”

(Ibid).

 

Meaning that whatever Alāh ﷻ wills, He can do.

 

And Allāh ﷻ knows best.

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Compiled by Abu Humayd

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