When Eid And Jumu'ah Coincide

[ummtaalib]

When the Days of Eid and Jumu`ah coincide then the Jumu`ah Salaah does not fall off, to read it is Fardh. 

 

1. Imam Zuhri (A.R.) said that Abu Wa`eed (A.R.) explained a Hadith to me that on the occasion of Eid ul Adhaa he was present with Hadhrat Umar ibn Khattaab(RA) . He performed Salaah before the sermon (Khutbah). Then he addressed the people and said: "O people! Nabi(SAW) prevented the fasting on the two days of Eid. One of them is Eid ul Fitr and the other is that in which you eat the meat of your (Qurbaani) sacrifice."

 

Abu Wa`eed (A.R.) said then he was present for the Eid Salaah with Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani(RA) which had coincided with the day of Jumu`ah. He also performed the Salaah before the Khutbah. Thereafter he gave the sermon and said: "O People! This is such a day in which two Eids coincide, whoever wishes to wait for Jumu`ah can wait, and whoever wishes to go and return, from my side has permission." (Bukhaari Vol.2 pg 825, Mu`atta Imam Maalik pg 165)   

 

2. Hadhrat Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (A.R.) said that in the time of Rasulullah(SAW) two Eids had coincided, then Nabi(SAW) said that whoever loves that he will sit (for Jumu`ah Salaah) from the people of the household, then he should sit without any difficulty. (Kitaab ul Ummam Vol.1 pg 239)

 

3. Hadhrat Nu`maan ibn Basheer(RA) said that Nabi(SAW) used to read in the two Eids and Jumu`ah Salaah (سبح اسم ربك الاعلى and هل اتاك حديث الغاشية), many times the days of Eid and Jumu`ah had coincided with each other, then also Nabi(SAW) use to also read both these Surahs in both the Salaahs. (Tirmizi, Vol.1 pg 119, Nasai` Vol.1 pg 178)

 

Hadhrat Imam Muhammad via the narration of Qaadhi Abu Yusuf (A.R.) narrated from Imam Abu Hanifah (A.R.) that Nabi(SAW) said when two Eids (i.e. Eid and Jumu`ah) coincide on one day then the first is Sunnat (i.e. it being Waajib is established from the Sunnat) and the second is Fardh (Jumu`ah) and none should leave out any one of the two. (Jaami us Sagheer pg 113)

 

"Hadhrat Imam Shaafi`ee (A.R.) said that when the day of Eid ul Fitr is the same as the day of Jumu`ah, then the Imam should perform the Eid Salaah at the time it becomes permissible to read it, then whoever was from out of the city, then it is permissible for them, if they wish they can return to their families and they do not have to return to read Jumu`ah Salaah. They have a choice that he can either wait to read Jumu`ah, or go and come back if they are able to, and if they do not do this, then there is no harm in this also Insha-Allaah. Imam Shafi`ee said that it is not permissible for anyone of the city to leave out the gathering for Jumu`ah unless he has a valid excuse even though it be the day of Eid. There will be no difference in the law regarding the day of Eid ul Adhaa, if it was in such a city in which Jumu`ah is permissible, as well as Eid Salaah. For the villagers and there will be a choice and the people of Mina will not perform the Salaah of Eid ul Adhaa nor Jumu`ah Salaah, because it is not a big city." (Kitaabul Umam Vol.1 pg 239)

 

Allaamah Zarqaani (A.R.) (passed away in the year 1122 A.H.) said, Ali, Ibn Wahab, Muttarraf and Ibn Maajishoon (A.R.) said that according to the narration of Imam Maalik, they have all negated the narration of Abuil Qaasim in which there is prevention (i.e. that this narration is not authentic) and upon the permissibility of this (i.e. that for the people of the village etc. to leave out Jumu`ah is permissible) is the saying of Imam Shaafi`ee and Hanafi (A.R.) (شرح الزرقانى على مؤطا الامام مالك  Vol.1 pg 364)

 

Allaamah Badrudeen A`inee (A.R.) said: - "And in a Mahallaah (part of a town) and Ashraaf (amongst nobles) Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani(RA) performed Eid Salaah then he gave the sermon and said, for you today two Eids have gathered, therefore from the  people of the household whoever likes that he should wait for it, can wait for it. Whoever wishes to return to his home has permission from my side. We will perform the Jumu`ah Salaah. Hadhrat Uthmaan t's saying (انا مجمعون) that we will definitely perform the Jumu`ah Salaah is a clear proof of this command, that to leave out Jumu`ah Salaah is not permissible. Ibn Abdul Barr (A.R.) said that the discarding of the Jumu`ah and Zohr Salaah due to the Eid Salaah is (متروك) left out, rejected, not reliable, how can this be reliable. The permission given by Hadhrat Uthmaan(RA) to leave out Jumu`ah was to the people of the household upon whom Jumu`ah was not Waajib." (البناية في شرح الهدايةVol.2 pg 1019)

 

Ibn Hazam (A.R.) said: "When the day of Jumu`ah and Eid join then first read the Eid Salaah, thereafter read the Jumu`ah (which is necessary) and no authentic Hadith is contrary to this. Abu Muhammad (Ibn Hazam) said that Jumu`ah is Fardh and Eid is (تطوع) Nafl, and (تطوع) a Nafl cannot make a Fardh be discarded." (المحلى للابن حزم Vol.3 pg 93)

 

It is established from the Noble Verses of the Qur`an, the Mubaarak Ahaadeeth and sayings of the Muhadditheen that if Eid and Jumu`ah gather on one day, to read both Salaahs is necessary. The compulsion of Jumuah does not fall away because of the Eid Salaah. The reason is that Jumu`ah is Fardh which is established by the mubaarak (blessed) verse of the Qur`an "يآيّها الّذين آمنوا اذا نودى للصلوة ....الاية" under which all the Jumu`ah Salaahs will come under and in which there are no exceptions. Likewise in the treasure of Ahaadeeth, such Ahaadeeth are found from which it becomes known that Nabi(SAW) had given very stern warnings for the leaving out of the Jumu`ah Salaah without an excuse. The demand of these Ahaadeeth is that Jumu`ah must be read and never left out irrespective of the day it occurs. This was also the Mubaarak action of Nabi(SAW) , that if Eid and Jumu`ah had both coincided on one day, then Nabi(SAW) use to read both Salaahs. It is not established from any authentic Ahaadeeth that Nabi(SAW) had read Eid Salaah and not read Jumu`ah Salaah on any such occasion. Instead, the habit of Nabi(SAW) was that he r on such occasions use to read both Salaahs. Hadhrat Nu`maan ibn Basheer(RA) said that if Eid and Jumu`ah coincided on one day then on that day Eid and Jumu`ah Salaah, in both Nabi(SAW) used to read it. (As is clear from hadith number 3) This hadith clearly establishes that Nabi(SAW) used to read both Salaahs on such an occasion. Nevertheless, Nabi(SAW) had given permission to those people of the household upon whom Jum`uah was not even (Fardh), that you go if you wish, as it is apparent from hadith number 2. The habit of the Khalifa e Raashid Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani(RA) was also this, that if Jumu`ah and Eid had both gathered on the same day, then he use to read both Salaahs. Nevertheless, he had given permission to those people of the household upon whom Jum`uah was not even Fardh, that if you wish to stay for Jumu`ah, then stay, and if you wish to go, then go.

 

The Aimmah e Mujtahideen, Hadhrat Imam Abu Hanifah (A.R.), Hadhrat Imam Maalik (A.R.) and Hadhrat Imam Shafi`ee (A.R.) all say that if Jumu`ah and Eid coincide, then both Salaahs must be read with compulsion, and none of them will be left out. Nevetheless, for the villagers upon whom Jumu`ah is not Fardh, is concession, as the words of Jaami` us Sagheer, Kitaabul Umm, and Sharah of Zarqaani testify. The mas`ala of Ibn Hazam is the same also as it is clear from the wording of Mahallaa (محلى). Allaamah ibn Abdul Barr Maaliki (A.R.) said that whoever said that the Jumu`ah Salaah will be left out because of the Eid Salaah, the saying left out, rejected, are not reliable and not worthy of being considered.

 

Contrary to the noble verses of the Qur`an, Mubaarak Ahaadeeth and sayings of the Muhaditheen, the Ghair Muqallideen say that day where the Eid and Jumu`ah coincide, the compulsion of the Jumu`ah Salaah falls and there is concession for the Jumu`ah Salaah, if he wishes he can perform it and if not, then not.

 

Mia Nazeer Husain Saheb was asked: - "If coincidently both the day of Eid and Jumu`ah had coincided, then is there any concession in the performing of the Jumu`ah Salaah or not. Zaid had not read the Jumuah on such a day and said that I had revived a dead Sunnat, how can he say this?   

 

In the answer to this question his student Molwi Abdur Rahim writes:-  "When the days of Eid and Jumu`ah gather, then on that day there is a choice, whosoevers heart desires to read Jumu`ah can read it and whoevers heart does not wish to read does not have to read. And on those such days Zaid did not read the Salaah and said that I had revived a dead Sunnat, then to say this is good. (Fataawa e Nazeeriyya Vol.1 pg 573)

NOTE: This is an authenticated Fatwa of Mia Nazeer Husain Saheb Delwi

 

Nawaab Waheed uz Zamaan writes: -

 

"And when Jumu`ah and Eid coincide on one day, then there will be concession in the Jumu`ah and the apparent thing is this concession is general for all the people as well as the Imam." (Arful Jaadi pg 43)

Nawaab Waheed uz Zamaan Saheb Raqmatraaz: -

 

"And Jumu`ah on the day of Eid there is general concession for the people of the town and besides them. If they wish they may read both, and if they wish they can only read Eid Salaah and not Jumu`ah. Nevertheless regarding the leaving of the Zohr Salaah there is a difference of opinion." (Nuzulul Abraar Vol.1 pg 155)

 

Conclusion:

The compulsion of Jumu`ah is established from clear Nass (proof from Qur`an) in which there is no exception. Nabi(SAW) has given severe warnigs to the ones who left out the performing of Jumu`ah without a valid excuse. In your time if both Eid and Jumu`ah gather on the same day then you read both, certainly for those upon whom Jumu`ah is not (Fardh) (i.e. the people of the village) they have been permitted to go if they wish. The people of the city all have to read Jumu`ah and Eid Salaah with you. Khalifa e Raashid Sayyidina Uthmaan Ghani(RA)'s habit was also the same. The saying of the Aimmah e Mujtahideen is also the same that if Jumu`ah and Eid both gather on the same day, then both Salaah will be read. Allaamah Ibn Abdul Barr Maaliki (A.R) has decided that those people who omit the Jumu`ah Salaah because of the Eid Salaah their saying is (متروك) left out, rejected, not reliable and not worthy of being considered. However the Ghair Muqallideen have looked elsewhere and stipulated that there is concession in the leaving of the Jumu`ah which means that if anyone reads then it is correct, and if anyone does not read it, then that is also correct. Instead, according to them, not to read the Jumu`ah Salaah is the reviving of a dead Sunnat. (ولا حول ولا قوة الا بالله)

 

Respected reader, is the opposing of the Noble Qur`an and the action of Nabi(SAW) in order to act according to your opinion and pleasure conforming to the Sunnat or contradicting it? 

 

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