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The Government of Canada has also taken steps to prevent the use of 'traditional' kuhl containing lead and antimony: Health concerns about lead in traditional kohl Kohl (also known as: kajal, surma, al-kahl/al-kohl) is a traditional eye cosmetic of Middle Eastern, Asian and North African societies. It is also used in ways similar to a natural health product for general eye health, treatments to cuts, and is regarded as a general antibacterial substance. Alerted by Direction de santé publique de Montréal, Health Canada issued a public advisory in September 2005 informing consumers about the potential exposure to lead through traditional kohl. Health Canada has taken action to remove known lead-containing kohl from the market, however it is suspected that there may be more kohl products currently being sold in Canada which contain lead. Note: Traditional kohl should not be confused with modern eyeliner. Usually, kohl is in powder form, and is put on with an applicator stick. It can be purchased at various ethnic markets and gift shops in Canada. Modern eyeliner (sometimes labelled as "kohl"), is most often in pencil form, and is sold at national retailers across the country. These eyeliners undergo more stringent product controls and have not been found to contain lead. Traditional kohl (unlabelled) Modern Eyeliner Why is lead a problem? Lead is a metal which accumulates in the body and is therefore toxic even at low levels of exposure. Lead poisoning is not always easy to recognize. Symptoms of lead poisoning can include: headaches, irritability, abdominal pain, vomiting, general weakness, paleness, weight loss, poor attention span, noticeable learning difficulty, slowed speech development and hyperactivity. Lead is especially harmful to children. Exposure to even small amounts of lead in the womb, during infancy or early childhood can result in lower birth weight, behavioural problems, learning disabilities and reduced intelligence. Lead can increase the risk of miscarriages, stillbirths and premature deliveries in pregnant women, and can also affect male fertility. What can I do? * As a precaution, Health Canada advises Canadians to not use the above products or any other unlabelled kohl products. * If you have doubts about kohl in your possession, stop using it and dispose of it immediately. This can be done through normal household trash, being careful to wrap or encase the product to prevent access by children. If you suspect that you or your child have been exposed to lead through the use of traditional kohl, consult a physician. Other questions and concerns about kohl can be addressed to your nearest Product Safety Office at 1-866-662-0666 or by email at [email protected]. What is Health Canada doing about lead in traditional kohl? Health Canada sampled 14 kohl products across Canada for the presence of lead. The following products were found to contain high levels of lead: * Hashmi Kohl Aswad from Pakistan; * Khojati from India; and * unlabelled kohl from Morocco. Although lead-containing kohl has been removed from the market and measures have been taken to prevent further importation into Canada, there may be other kohl products in Canada which contain lead that are unknown to Health Canada. The Canadian Government also provides Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics, listing heavy metals such as lead and antimony, safe levels etc.

Regardless of the source (antimony, stibnite, galena, etc.), kuhl containing lead and other heavy metals such as antimony has been banned in some countries for health reasons (e.g. United States). The following is taken from the FDA (United States) website: Kohl, Kajal, Al-Kahal, or Surma: By Any Name, Beware of Lead Poisoning Many people may be unaware of the lead poisoning risk, in adults and children, from an easily avoidable source: the traditional eye cosmetic known as kohl, kajal, al-kahl, or surma.The following information is intended to answer questions people may ask about kohl and its dangers: What is kohl made of? Samples tested often contain significant amounts of lead. Lead sometimes accounts for more than half the weight of a sample of kohl, usually in the form of lead sulfide. Kohl may also contain a variety of other materials, such as aluminum, antimony, carbon, iron, and zinc compounds, as well as camphor and menthol. What are the effects of lead poisoning? The risks associated with exposure to lead are especially serious for children, who are particularly susceptible to absorbing lead from the environment. Among the effects associated with high levels of exposure are anemia, kidney problems, and neurological damage that may include seizures, coma and death. Even at relatively low levels, chronic exposure to lead may lead to learning and behavior problems (see Dangers of Lead Still Linger,"FDA Consumer, January-February 1998). Is kohl directly linked to increased levels of lead in children? Yes. FDA has learned of recent instances of kohl-related lead poisoning in children in the U.S. A number of studies have shown that children exposed to kohl have increased levels of lead in their blood. This exposure puts them at increased risk for the serious consequences of lead poisoning. How are children exposed to kohl? In some cultures, it is common for parents to apply kohl to the eyes of infants and children. Infants of mothers who use kohl sometimes have elevated levels of lead in their blood. Also, some people traditionally paint a newborn's umbilical stump with kohl, supposedly for medicinal reasons. Unlike some sources of exposure to lead, this one is easily avoidable by not using kohl on your children or yourself, and keeping it out of your home. If someone in my family has been exposed to kohl, what should I do? Stop all use of kohl immediately and be especially careful to protect children from further exposure. Place unused kohl in a sealable container or plastic bag and contact your local sanitation or waste department regarding appropriate methods for disposal. Thoroughly wash hands and any other body parts that may have come in contact with kohl. Wash exposed household surfaces with soap and hot water. Ask a health care provider to test children as well as pregnant or nursing women for lead poisoning if they have used kohl. Is kohl legal in the United States? No. Kohl is a color additive as that term is defined in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), and there is no regulation permitting its use in a cosmetic or in any other FDA-regulated product. Color additives (other than coal-tar hair dyes) that are not permitted by regulation are considered unsafe under the law. (For more information on color additives and the law, see the FD&C Act, sections 201(t) and 721 as well as FDA's Color Additives website.) FDA has an Import Alert in effect for cosmetics containing kohl, not only because it is an unsafe color additive, but also because of labeling violations. For example, some samples have been labeled with the false statement, "FDA Approved." Such products are subject to detention and refusal of admission at U.S. ports of entry.NOTE: Some manufacturers may label eye cosmetics with the term "kohl" simply to indicate the shade, not because the product actually contains kohl. If the product is properly labeled, consumers can check the ingredient declaration to determine whether it contains only color additives that are approved for cosmetic use in the area of the eye. If no color additives are declared, it would be wise to stay on the safe side and assume that the product is, in fact, kohl. Where does kohl come from? Popular in much of the world since ancient times, particularly in parts of Africa, the Middle East, Iran, Pakistan, and India, kohl now sometimes appears in Europe and North America, especially in some Middle Eastern and Asian specialty markets. Despite its illegal status in the United States, it may be imported surreptitiously, for example, in personal luggage. It also has been advertised for mail order on some websites. The following is also from the FDA and lists antimony as one of the possible ingredients in kohl that is banned: Keep away from kohl -- and keep kohl away from kids! One color additive of particular concern is kohl. Also known as al-kahl, kajal, or surma, kohl is used in some parts of the world to enhance the appearance of the eyes, but is unapproved for cosmetic use in the United States. Kohl consists of salts of heavy metals, such as antimony and lead. It may be tempting to think that because kohl has been used traditionally as an eye cosmetic in some parts of the world, it must be safe. However, there have been reports linking the use of kohl to lead poisoning in children.* An FDA Import Alert cites three main reasons for detaining imports of kohl: 1. For containing an unsafe color additive, which makes the product adulterated. 2. or labeling that describes the product falsely as "FDA Approved." 3. For lack of an ingredient declaration. Some eye cosmetics may be labeled with the word "kohl" only to indicate the shade, not because they contain true kohl. If the product is properly labeled, you can check to see whether the color additives declared on the label are in FDA's list of color additives approved for use in cosmetics, then make sure they are listed as approved for use in the area of the eye.

Galena Galena [formula: PbS], also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide. It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver. Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system often showing octahedral forms. It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite, calcite and fluorite. Lead ore deposits Galena is the main ore of lead, used since ancient times. Because of its somewhat low melting point, it was easy to liberate by smelting. In some areas galena contains about 1-2 percent silver. In these areas the silver byproduct far outweighs the main lead ore in revenue. Galena deposits often also contain significant amounts of silver as included silver sulfide mineral phases or as limited solid solution within the galena structure. These argentiferous galenas have long been the most important ore of silver. Galena deposits are found worldwide in various environments... Crystal structure Galena belongs to the octahedral sulfide group of minerals with metal ions in octahedral positions, like members pyrrhotite and niccolite. The galena group is named after its most common member, with other isometric members that include manganese bearing alabandite and niningerite. Divalent lead (Pb) cations and sulfur (S) anions form a close packed cubic unit cell much like the mineral halite of the halide mineral group. Zinc, cadmium, iron, copper, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, and selenium also occur in variable amounts in galena. Selenium substitutes for sulfur in the structure constituting a solid solution series. The lead telluride mineral altaite has the same crystal structure as galena. Geochemistry Within the weathering or oxidation zone galena alters to anglesite (lead sulfate) or cerussite (lead carbonate). Galena exposed to acid mine drainage can be oxidized to anglesite by naturally occurring bacteria and archaea, in a process similar to bioleaching. Galena uses One of the oldest uses of galena was as kohl, which, in Ancient Egypt, was applied around the eyes to reduce the glare of the desert sun and to repel flies, which were a potential source of disease. Galena is the primary ore of lead which is mainly used in making lead-acid batteries; however, significant amounts are also used to make lead sheets and shot. Galena is often mined for its silver content (e.g. the Galena Mine in northern Idaho). Also known as "potters ore", galena is used in a green glaze applied to pottery. Galena is a semiconductor with a small bandgap of about 0.4 eV which found use in early wireless communication systems. For example, it was used as the crystal in crystal radio sets, in which it was used as a point-contact diode to detect the radio signals. The galena crystal was used with a safety pin or similar sharp wire, which was known as a "cat's whisker". Making such wireless sets was a popular home hobby in Britain and other European countries during the 1930s. Scientists that were linked to this application are Karl Ferdinand Braun and Sir Jagdish Bose. In modern wireless communication systems, galena detectors have been replaced by more reliable semiconductor devices. Health issues Galena contains lead, a toxic element. While bound to crystal structure, the lead content of galena is of minor concern and the mineral is safe to handle. However, prolonged exposure to the pulverized dust in the form of inhalation or ingestion is hazardous to one's health. (source)

So far, we’ve mainly encountered antimony and stibnite as possible sources of kuhl. Having demonstrated how the terminology used (i.e. antimony and stibnite) may not always be accurate, insha’Allah we should now turn to additional references for clues on what the ithmid Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) used and recommended was or may have been (emphasis added to certain parts in red): Historians believe the use of Arab kohl dates back the early B.C. years and was worn by both men and women in cultures all across the Middle East and North Africa. Traditionally the ithmid stone, a rock found in the region, is crushed using a mortar into a fine powder and then kept in copper containers. It is applied to the eyes using a “miel,” or a thin copper wand and quickly spread between the lower and upper lid while the eye is closed. (source) ===================== Antimony sulphate (Ithmid, or Isfahan Collyrium) is a silvery dark grey stone, which is crushed into a very fine powder and used to darken the eyes. The best kind is found in Morocco, and it has a cold, dry temperament. Antimony strengthens the optic nerve and is considered the best kohl when mixed with musk powder for elderly people with poor vision weakened by old age. Ibn Al Qayyim (rahimullah) suggests that then used as a kohl, Ithmid, also helps reduce skin flap growing on the eyelid, mange of the eyelids and it relaxes eyestrain. It helps detoxify eye moisture and eases congestion in tear ducts. It helps natural cleansing of the eyes and helps to protect the eyes from dust particles floating in the air, and brightens one’s sight. When Ithmid is mixed with honey diluted in water and applied on the edge of the eyelid, it can help reduce headaches. Applying it before going to sleep is healthier than using it during the day, especially for women, and it helps the growing of eyelashes, making them thicker and longer in sha'Allah. Abdullah Ibn Abbas (radhi Allahu anhu) narrated that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said: "Wear your white garments, for they are among your best garments, and shroud your dead in them. Among the best types of collyrium you use is antimony (ithmid): it clears the vision and makes the hair [eyelashes] sprout." [sunan Abi Dawood Book 28, Hadith 3869] Classed as Sahih by Al Albani. The kohl most widely available is normally produced in India and Pakistan (called ‘Surma’). It is jet black and has a different chemical composition to true Ithmid. It can be made up of many ingredients, some of which include lead sulphide, the soot of sandalwood oil lamps and charcoal (Wiki). Lead sulphide is extremely toxic. The best Ithmid to buy is from Morocco or from Medinah, Saudia Arabia. (source) ===================== Studies on the chemical composition of kohl stone by X-ray diffractometer Abstract Use of Kohl (Surma) creates toxicity or protects eye, is one of the most controversial topic of modern medicines. However, modern researches show that kohl forms a thin film on the eye lens thus avoiding the direct contract of harmful UV radiation and glare of sun with lens. Black and shining particles of galena in kohl shield the eyes from glare and reflection of sun and thus protect them from harmful effect of UV radiation emerging from the sun. Based on these findings and other properties of kohl, it was decided to undertake this study to ascertain it's chemical composition and to correlate these properties scientifically. In the present study, kohl stone obtained from Madina (Saudi Arabia) was analyzed to ascertain it's chemical composition. The chemical analysis and X-ray diffractometer results obtained, showed that the main component of kohl stone is galena (PbS). ===================== Kohl (surma): retrospect and prospect Abstract Kohl, since antiquity has always been given a prime importance in ophthalmology for the protection and treatment of various eye ailments. However, for decades various conflicting reports in the literature have been published relating to Kohl application to eyes being responsible for causing higher blood lead concentration, which may cause lead poisoning. While at the same time, a number of research studies and reports have also been published negating any such links with increased blood lead level upon Kohl (surma) application. In view of the above mentioned facts, this review article is written with the objective to highlight various data from past and present research studies and reports about Kohl, so as to provide valuable information to both the users and the research workers about it's scientific background and effects when applied into eyes. A large number of items and topics (such as Kohl, surma, eye cosmetic, traditional eye preparations, environmental lead pollution, galena, lead sulphide etc.) have been taken into consideration while compiling this review article. In conclusion, the authors of this review article feel that the relation between Kohl and toxicity or increased blood lead concentration upon it's application to eyes as reported elsewhere is likely to be more of theoretical nature rather than a practical health hazard. ===================== Arabic Kohl 1) It is made of is made of galena mineral. There are a lot of misunderstanding about Arab Kohl or Kohl Ithmid. Ithmid is not Antimony Sulphide as many Muslims thought. It was wrongly translated by the Greeks during the ancient Egyptian Rule. In ancient Egyptian language, galena (lead Sulphide) was called Mestem or Stimmi. The word is identical to Greek word Stim or Stibi or Stibium meaning Antimony. According to “The Encyclopedia of Islam (Bosworth et al., 1986) and in “Medieval Islamic Civilization – An Encyclopedia (Meri, 2006) Kohl Ithmid was in fact only galena or lead sulphide. Until today, the kohl found in Middle East, North Africa and Iran are made from lead sulphide or ithmid. 2) When applied on the skin kohl should be difficult to be washed off and does not smudge easily. Kohl should feel like it sticks on the skin firmly. 3) Kohl Ithmid is grey colour. Surma 1) It contains almost no galena.It is made from herbs, pearl, zinc oxide and other ingredients. . Surma or kajal usually contains almost no ithmid (or lead sulphide). So if you are looking to practice the sunnah of Prophet Muhammad pbuh, kohl ithmid is what you are looking for. 2) Surma feels light on the skin 3) Surma is black colour (source) ===================== Next, insha’Allah a little more detail on galena.

Stibnite (formula: Sb2S3) is a sulfide mineral, antimony sulfide - a grey mineral that is the main ore of antimony (element: Sb). It is synonymous with antimonite. It seems stibnite (or antimony sulfide or antimonite) was one mineral that was used in ancient times as kuhl. ~~~ What are antimony and stibnite and how are they related? Antimony Antimony is a semimetallic chemical element which can exist in two forms: the metallic form is bright, silvery, hard and brittle; the non metallic form is a grey powder. Antimony is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, it is stable in dry air and is not attacked by dilute acids or alkalis. Antimony and some of its alloys expand on cooling. Antimony has been known since ancient times. It is sometimes found free in nature, but is usually obtained from the ores stibnite (Sb2S3) and valentinite (Sb2O3). Nicolas Lémery, a French chemist, was the first person to scientifically study antimony and its compounds. He published his findings in 1707. Antimony makes up about 0.00002% of the earth's crust. Applications Very pure antimony is used to make certain types of semiconductor devices, such as diodes and infrared detectors. Antimony is alloyed with lead to increase lead's durability. Antimony alloys are also used in batteries, low friction metals, type metal and cable sheathing, among other products. Antimony compounds are used to make flame-proofing materials, paints, ceramic enamels, glass and pottery. The ancient Egyptians used antimony, in the form of stibnite, for black eye make-up. Antimony in the environment Antimony occurs naturally in the environment. But it also enters the environment through several applications by humans. Antimony is an important metal in the world economy. Annual production is about 50.000 tonnes per year, with virgin materials coming mainly from china, Russia, Bolivia and South Africa. World reserves exceed 5 million tonnes. In Finland there is a deposit of elemental antimony. Health effects of antimony Especially people that work with antimony can suffer the effects of exposure by breathing in antimony dusts. Human exposure to antimony can take place by breathing air, drinking water and eating foods that contain it, but also by skin contact with soil, water and other substances that contain it. Breathing in antimony that is bond to hydrogen in the gaseous phase, is what mainly causes the health effects. Exposure to relatively high concentrations of antimony (9 mg/m3 of air) for a longer period of time can cause irritation of the eyes, skin and lungs. As the exposure continues more serious health effects may occur, such as lung diseases, heart problems, diarrhea, severe vomiting and stomach ulcers. It is not known whether antimony can cause cancer or reproductive failure. Antimony is used as a medicine for parasital infections, but people who have had too much of the medicine or were sensitive to it have experienced health effects in the past. These health effects have made us more aware of the dangers of exposure to antimony. Effects of antimony on the environment Antimony can be found in soils, waters and air in very small amounts. Antimony will mainly pollute soils. Through groundwater it can travel great distances towards other locations and surface waters. Laboratory tests with rats, rabbits and guinea pigs have shown us that relatively high levels of antimony may kill small animals. Rats may experience lung, heart, liver and kidney damage prior to death. Animals that breathe in low levels of antimony for a long time may experience eye irritation, hair loss and lung damage. Dogs may experience heart problems even when they are exposed to low levels of antimony. Animals that breathed in low levels of antimony for a couple of months may also experience fertility problems. Whether antimony can cause cancer has not been fully specified yet. (Source: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/sb.htm#ixzz36cXPBEe4) ========================= Stibnite Stibnite, sometimes called antimonite, is a sulfide mineral with the formula Sb2S3. This soft grey material crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group. It is the most important source for the metalloid antimony. The name is from the Greek stibi through the Latin stibium as the old name for the mineral and the element antimony. As an antimony sulfide, it is potentially toxic and should be handled with care. Structure Stibnite has a structure similar to that of arsenic trisulfide, As2S3. The Sb(III) centers, which are pyramidal and three-coordinate, are linked via bent two-coordinate sulfide ions. It is grey when fresh, but can turn superficially black due to oxidation in air. Uses Pastes of Sb2S3 powder in fat or in other materials have been used since ca. 3000 BC as eye cosmetics in the Middle East and farther afield; in this use, Sb2S3 is called kohl. It was used to darken the brows and lashes, or to draw a line around the perimeter of the eye. Antimony trisulfide finds use in pyrotechnic compositions, namely in the glitter and fountain mixtures. Needle-like crystals, "Chinese Needle", are used in glitter compositions and white pyrotechnic stars. The "Dark Pyro" version is used in flash powders to increase their sensitivity and sharpen their report. It is also a component of modern safety matches. It was formerly used in flash compositions, but its use was abandoned due to toxicity and sensitivity to static electricity. The natural sulfide of antimony, stibnite, was known and used ever since protodynastic Ancient Egypt as a medication and a cosmetic. The Sunan Abi Dawood reports, “prophet Muhammad said: 'Among the best types of collyrium is antimony (ithmid) for it clears the vision and makes the hair sprout.'” The 17th century alchemist Eirenaeus Philalethes, also known as George Starkey, describes stibnite in his alchemical commentary An Exposition upon Sir George Ripley's Epistle. Starkey used stibnite as a precursor to philosophical mercury, which was itself a hypothetical precursor to the Philosopher's stone. Occurrence Stibnite occurs in hydrothermal deposits and is associated with realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, galena, pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, cervantite, stibiconite, calcite, ankerite, barite and chalcedony. Small deposits of stibnite are common, but large deposits are rare. It occurs in Canada, Mexico, Peru, Japan, China, Germany, Romania, Italy, France, England,Algeria, and Kalimantan, Borneo. In the United States it is found in Arkansas, Idaho, Nevada, California, and Alaska. As of May 2007, the largest specimen on public display (1000 pounds) is at the American Museum of Natural History. The largest documented single crystals of stibnite measured ~60×5×5 cm and originated from different locations including Japan, France and Germany. (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stibnite)

Having referenced hadeeth and scholarly sources, now lets try to pin-point a definition (or some definitions) for the following: kuhl, kehal, kohl, kol, kohal, or kahal surma, surme, surmah or sirma kajal, kajjal, gajal tozali or kwalli I am deliberately leaving Ithmid out for now since, Insha'Allah, I hope to cover it later as it refers to a specific source of stone or mineral. ~~~ Simply put, the Arabic noun كحل (kuhl) refers to any cosmetic used to colour or darken the edges of the eyelids (1) (2). The fact that we are advised to use 'khul made of ithmid' implies that there are (and were) other types of non-ithmid khul available. Surma (and its various transliterations) is the Persian word for the Arabic kuhl. Kajal (and its various transliterations) is the South Asian word for the Arabic kuhl. tozali and kwalli are the West African words for the Arabic kuhl. ~~~ Now, since we are dealing with words that have been translated into the English language and since there are other uses in the English language, this is where it starts to get a bit tricky and, in some cases, perhaps some words get misused. Watch as the confusion unfolds in words: * the English word kohl is synonymous with stibnite. * another English word derived from 'khul' - alcohol - originally referred to the powder of antimony and made its way into English via Middle Latin and French. * the Russian word for antimony is transliterated as sirma (loaned from the Persian word sorme) * the Greek word for antimony is transliterated as stibium * the Latin word for stibnite is stibium or, I suppose we could write the confusion out another way: kohl = sorme sorme = sirma kohl = stibnite alcohol (old use of word) = antimony antimony = sirma antimony = stibium stibnite = stibium Eh... say what? So, why is all this confusing? Well, because antimony and stibnite are not necessarily the same thing. Insha'Allah, in the next post I will try to reference how the two are related yet different. The confusion is compounded by the finding that ithmid (at least that which is known as ithmid today) is not stibnite nor antimony, but rather galena. More on this later insha'Allah.

The Sunnah of Using Kuhl In his classic book of hadeeth The Virtues and Noble Character of The Prophet Muhammad , Imaam Abi 'Eesaa Muhammad bin 'Eesah bin Sorah At-Tirmidhi R.A.(209-279A.H.) lists 5 ahadeeth. The English translation and commentary by Shaykhul-Hadith Maulana Muhammad Zakariyya Muhajir Madni (R.A.) are copied below while the Arabic text is available here. Chapter on the kuhl of Rasulullah To apply (surmah, antimony, collyrium) in the eyes is mustahab. One should use kuhl with the intention of ajr (thawaab, reward). It benefits the eye and one receives ajr for following the sunnah also. Imaam Tirmidhi mentions five ahaadith in this chapter. (48) Hadith Number 1 Ibn 'Abbaas Radiyallahu 'Anhu says:"Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallam said: 'Use kuhl made of ithmid on the eye; it brightens the eyesight, and strengthens and increases the growth of the eye lashes'. (Sayyidina Ibn'Abbaas Radiyallahu'Anhu also used to say) 'Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallam had a small container for keeping kohl, from which he applied kohl in each eye three times every night"'. Commentary Ithmid is a special type of kohl which is reddish black in colour. It is obtained in the Eastern countries. Some of the learned say it is the Isfahaani kuhl, and other say it is the Totiya. Some 'ulama say, it means those who have good eyesight and it should be used by those with whose eyesight it agrees, otherwise a sick person's eyes will pain more by its use. It is more beneficial to apply kohl at the time of sleeping as it will remain longer in the eyes, and will penetrate more into the pores. There are different narrations on the number of times it should be applied in each eye. In a few it is stated that it should be applied three times in each eye, as mentioned above. In other narrations it is stated that it should be put three times in the right eye and two times in the left eye. It is supposed that the variations are because of the different times of the narrations. At a certain time, Sayyidina Rasulullah Sallallahu alayhi Wasallam applied it in one manner and at another time in the other manner. Haafiz Ibn Hajar, Mulla 'Ali Qaari and other 'ulama have preferred the first method (as given in the hadith under discussion). the first method has been narrated many times from Sayyidina Rasulullah Sallallahu' Alayhi Wasallam, as will be seen in the narration that follow. (49) Hadith Number 2 Ibn 'Abbaas Radiyallahu 'Anhu reports: "Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallam applied kuhl of ithmid three times in each eye before sleeping'. In a narration also from Ibn 'Abbaas Radiyallahu 'Anhu, it is reported: "Rasuluilah Sallallahu'Alayhi Wasallam had a small container for keeping kuhl, from which he applied in each eye kuhl three times before sleeping'. (50) Hadith Number 3 Jaabir bin 'Abdullah Radiyallahu 'Anhu says: "Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallam said: 'Use the kuhl made from ithmid for the eyes. It brightens the vision and strengthens the growth of the eye lashes'. (51) Hadith Number 4 Ibn 'Abbaas Radiyallahu 'Anhu says: "Rasulullah Sallallah 'Alayhi Wasallam has said: 'The best from among all the kuhl used by you is the one made from ithmid. It brightens the eyesight and strengthens the growth of the eye lashes"'. Commentary One of the narrators in the chain of this hadith is Bishr bin Mufaddal RA. The 'ulama wrote that he performed four hundred rak'ahs nafl daily, and it was his permanent practice to fast every alternate day. (52) Hadith Number 5 'Abdullah bin 'Umar Radiyallahu 'Anhu related the same hadith from Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alayhi Wasallarn that: "Verily use the kuhl made from ithmid. It brightens the vision and strengthens the growth of the eye lashes". Commentary In all the above narrations the use of kuhl made from ithmid has be stressed. Only those eyes are meant, that agree with the use of it, otherwise, because of certain eye conditions kuhl does not agree with some people, as was mentioned previously. The 'ulama have written that due to these commands and practices it is sunnah to use kuhl, and it is better to use the one made from ithmid. If one uses kuhl made from any other substance it will be regarded as sunnah, but the virtue is obtained by using kuhl made of ithmid. ================================ The following fataawa also help expound the sunnah of applying ithmid: Question: 1) Is the use of surma for the eyes a sunnat. 2) If it is a sunnat, what is the sunnat times to put surma. 3) What is the sunnat way of putting surma in the eyes. 4) What are the bennifits of putting surma. Answer: In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatoh 1) It was the Sunnah of Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) to apply Surmah every night in both eyes. 2) Nabi [sallallaahu Alayhi wasallam] used to apply Surma into each eye three times every night before sleeping. He used the Surma called, Ithmid. 3) Imran Ibn Abi Anas has related that the Holy Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) used to apply antimony (surmah) thrice in the right and twice in the left. 4) Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) advised, ‘Use Ismid (antimony) as that grows the eyelashes and improves the sight.’ (Bukhari) [Radhiallaahu anhu] narrates that Nabi [sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam] said, ‘Apply the Surma called ‘Ithmid’ to the eye, for verily, it removes unclearness from the eyes and causes the eyebrows to grow.’ Ibn Abbas (ra) has related that the Holy Prophet [sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam] said, “Apply antimony regularly, as it clears the sight, makes the hair grow and is the best of things beautifying the eyes.” (Shamail-Tirmizi-Ibn Sa’d) And Allah knows best Wassalam A Female Iftaa Student Checked and Approved by: Mufti Ebrahim Desai Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In’aamiyyah ================================ Question: Is there a sunnat way of putting the surma on? Answer: Bismillah Al-jawab billahi at-taufeeq (the answer with Allah’s guidance) 1) To apply Surma, Kohl (collyrium) to the eyes is Mustahab (peferable). Besides the benefit to the eyes, one would also get recompense (Thawab) for following the prophetic practice. It is reported from Ibn Abbas (Radhiallahu Anhu) that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) used to apply the collyriyum of Ithmid (a mineral product) thrice to each eye every night before retiring to bed.” Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Mulla Ali Qari have preferred those traditions which indicate that the kohl-rod was applied to each eyes thrice. Jabir (Radhiallahu Anhu) reports that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) has advised to apply the collyrium of Ithmid to the eyes as it increases the light of the eyes and helps grow the eye-lashes.” (Shamaa’il) There is no fixed time in applying Surma but applying it before retiring to bed is beneficial. (Ahsanul Fataawa Vol. 9 Pg. 74) ... And Only Allah Ta’ala Knows Best. Moulana Qamruz Zaman London, UK ================================ Question: It is permissible to apply antimony in the day ? It because Hadrat Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) has related that the Holy Prophet (pbuh) had a collyrium container out of which he applied collyrium every night, in each eyes three times. Answer: It is permissible. And Allah Ta`ala Knows Best Was salaam Mufti Ebrahim Desai FATWA DEPT. ================================ Question: I want to know that is it sunnah to keep 7 things beside bed namely comb itching stick oil shurma mirror miswak & scissors?... Answer (Fatwa: 1431/1109/B=1431) Hadhrat Anas (رضى الله عنه) narrates that water, miswak and comb used to be placed beside the holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) when he went to sleep. Hadhrat Ayisha (رضى الله عنها) narrates that I used to arrange oil, comb, mirror, scissors, kohl-pot and miswak for the holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) when he was in journey. While in another hadith, Hadhrat Ayisha (رضى الله عنها) narrated the following items: mirror, kohl-pot, comb, Scraping stick and miswak. It is mentioned in another hadith that the holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) always carried these things in journey and at home. We could not get the details of other things near bed except water, miswak, comb and antimony container. Allah (Subhana Wa Ta’ala) knows Best Darul Ifta, Darul Uloom Deoband ================================ Question: ...can we apply surma or kaajal on the eyes of the newly born? wht is the difference between kajal & surma?... Answer: ...Kajal is generally used for children as surma burns their eyes. Kajal is eye-pencil while surma is antimony... Ml. Husain Kadodia STUDENT: Darul Ifta CHECKED & APPROVED: Mufti Ebrahim Desai ================================ Question: (1) Is it from the sunna for guys to use kohl/antimony (in urdu “kajul”)? Is it true it makes the eyes clean or something? (2) I understand there are two types of sunnah, one sunnah is that which is strongly emphasized to be practiced and one that is merely optional and usually when practiced by someone, it practiced out of love for Prophet Sal-Allah-Alaihi-Wassalam. If using coal/mascara is as sunnah, which type? Answer: [Answered by Shaykh Faraz A. Khan] Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah, I pray this finds you in the best of health and states. (1) Yes it is from the sunna to use kohl/antimony (in Arabic, ithmid), and it does help with vision according to the hadith. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “The best type of antimony for you is ithmid, for it makes vision clear and causes hair to grow.” [Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud] (2) As you mention, there are two types of sunna: (a) Emphasized sunnas of guidance (sunan al-huda), the leaving of which entails wrongdoing and is disliked [unless one has a valid excuse]. Such sunnas are considered to be among the symbols (sha’air) of the religion itself. If a person/community habitually abandons such a sunna, they are deemed to be astray, as abandoning these entails not taking the religion seriously. Examples are praying in congregation, and making the call to prayer (adhan) and the commencement of prayer (iqama). (b) Non-emphasized sunnas that are of additional blessing (sunan al-zawa’id), the leaving of which does not entail wrongdoing and is not disliked. These sunnas are things that the Prophet regularly did, yet they are not symbolic of the religion itself and hence are “of additional blessing” (zawa’id). Examples are the way the Beloved Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) dressed, stood and sat. [ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar] Applying kohl/antimony would fall under the second category. And Allah knows best. wassalam Faraz Checked & Approved by Faraz Rabbani

Carrying An Umbrella The following is a transcription of Shaykh Husain Abdul Sattar’s August 18, 2006 talk titled Carrying an Umbrella: Example 1: If you observed people this morning as they went to work, you would have noticed that, eventhough the sky was relatively clear, people were carrying umbrellas. This morning, at about 7-8 o’clock, or even at the time of Fajr, the sky was relatively clear; and, as people went to work this morning, so many people in their hands, were actually carrying umbrellas. Then, throughout the day, the sky became more cloudy, the signs of rain began to appear and as people began to head home from work, people were using their umbrellas that they had brought in the morning in order to protect themselves against the rain. Now, the people that actually had the umbrellas with them, the reason that they knew to bring their umbrella was because they were following the weather. Maybe the night before, maybe on their favourite website, maybe listening to the radio in the morning as they were getting ready for work... whatever it was, they were warned beforehand that today it was going to rain. So, what did they do? They heeded that warning, they took notice of that warning, they had some degree of faith in that warning and so, as they left in the morning, they packed with them an umbrella. And then, when the rain came, they were prepared. Now, some people packed with them an umbrella and other people actually changed their schedule completely. For example, I bumped into a person who said that they came into work early this morning. “Why did you come to work early this morning?” “Don’t you know, its going to rain.” “So what, its going to rain. What does it have to do with coming into work early?” “Well, if it rains, then traffic slows down. So, if I come into work early, then I can hopefully leave early; and, if I leave early, I can hopefully avoid some of the traffic problems that will arise when the rain falls.” So, not only did people bring in umbrellas but they actually, some of them changed their entire schedule. They changed their entire routine. They changed their entire way of thinking based on some conjecture that a human being came up with. Now, it shocks me that people would go through so much effort based on conjecture because we all know that the weather is 50/50. It is a type of educated guess. They say it’s going to rain and it doesn’t rain. Some day they say its going to be clear, it rains cats-and-dogs. Some day they say there is going to be this enormous snow storm and not a flake falls from the sky. So, we know that much of what goes into this science is actually based on educated “guessing;” and, based on those guesses, people are ready to change their routine - people are ready to change what they carry with them in the morning, people will alter their schedule based on a bunch of ideas. They have that much faith in the conjecture of a human being. In the same way, just as the weather-man warns of potential difficulty outlying 24 hours away, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) came to us as a warner in order to remind us of the difficulties that lie within this life and of the potential difficulties that can arise for a human being on the Day of Judgment and the potential punishment that awaits the person who disobeys Allah Ta’aala in the hereafter. Now, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) is very different than a weather-man. The weather-man comes up with ideas on their own – comes up with conjecture, comes up with guesses on what may happen; and, based on that ‘what may happen’ concept, so many people change the pattern of their life – they change their thinking, they change their acting, etc. But the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) is very different because what the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) brought is definite - that is our imaan, that is our faith. Now, if people can put so much faith in a weather-man that based on what the weather-man says they will change their routine, then don’t you think that based on what the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) warned us about, we should be changing our routine? Have we thought about that? The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) gave us some very clear-cut warnings about avoiding certain things in this life because they bring difficulty upon an individual. Similarly, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) warned us about things to avoid because they would bring difficulty in the grave. And, furthermore, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) commanded us to avoid certain things so that we can avoid the difficulty of the Day of Judgement. Now, if based on a simple weather report, people will change their lives and alter the way they do things, then bilawla, its just more obvious that people of our nature – who have faith in the Messenger – would change their lives based on the message that he brought. That’s something to ask ourselves. Example 2: Now, people warn us all the time, they say: “ah man, watch out, you’re going to take organic chemistry this semester – its going to be tough and you’re going to have to work hard!” So, what happens? We start changing our schedule 2 months in advance. We start thinking “okay, I am not going to do this during these 2 months. I’m not going to go out on Friday nights> I’m going to go to the library and study. I’m going to wake up early and I’m going to get to the library and study. I’m going to stay late in school. I’m going to review every-day. I have to do well in this course!” Why? Because you were warned. Actually, its a warning. Now if somebody else tells you “that class is a joke! Don’t even worry about it.” You relax. If the warner is someone you can trust, you relax. Why? Because when someone warns or someone gives glad tidings, we respond to it when we have faith in the person bringing the message. It’s a close friend of yours... it’s somebody that has experience having taken the class... a group of people had difficulty - they themselves failed that class. We begin to worry because they bring us a message of difficulty. And so, we change the way we act, based on what we are brought. So, in the same way, it’s obvious for us – when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) tells us to do certain things and to avoid other things – that we live according to those commandments for our own good. Now, what’s really interesting is: if there is somebody who doesn’t have an umbrella, and they bumped into another person who has an umbrella, then the person sometimes will give back a comment. For example, I was in the elevator and I was wet because I didn’t have an umbrella. And another person was in the elevator and they were totally dry because they had an umbrella. So, they turned to me and they said: “looks like you didn’t hear the weather this morning.” Meaning, “looks like obviously you didn’t receive the message that was being delivered this morning that there was going to be rain.” The same thing will happen on the Day of Judgement. There will be a group of people that recognize the message that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem brought) – they will have acted according to it and they will have had faith in it and they will take the benefit of it on the Day of Judgement. Now, for them it was so obvious – for the people of imaan, of belief – it was so obvious and so important that they act according to the tenants of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) that they will see another group of people who did not act according to those tenants. And so, what will they say? Actually, the Qur’an quotes their statement. They will say: “alam yatikum natheerun?” أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌ Did not a messenger come to you? In the same way that person turns to me and says “did you not hear the weather? Where’s your umbrella, weren’t you thinking?” Well, in the same way, a group of people will say to the people who did not follow the message of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem): “alam yatikum natheerun?” أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌ Did there not come to you a messenger? “Qaalu balaa” قَالُواْ بَلَى Yes, of course, there was definitely a messenger that came to us but we didn’t follow. That will be the mistake of those people on that day. So, for us, when we have such a great warner – we know the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) has two aspects to his message: (1) he warns; and (2) he gives glad tidings. So, when we have this Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) warning us and warning us from the most definite source – which is obviously Allah Ta’aala’s revelation – doesn’t it behoove us that we take advantage of his warnings? We know the problems that arise in a person’s life when they leave salah. Yet, look how quick we are to leave salah. We know the benefits of coming to the masjid. Yet, look how often we turn away from the warning that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) gave to those people who didn’t regularly attend the masjid. We know the importance of giving sadaqah, we know the importance of good relations with our neighbours, etc. All of these things were laid out by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) as a forecast. The weather-man gives a forecast, this is the forecast of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem) but it is definite - it is based on a solid/firm foundation as opposed to the conjecture upon which the weather service is based. Steps to Take: So, take advantage of the warnings of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallem). Read them and make changes in our lives according to them. (1) we should read them and we should begin to act according to them; and (2) we should read them and we should begin to warn one another according to them. Du’aa May Allah Ta’aala give us the tawfeeq to be among those who encourage people to do good and to be among those who encourage people to avoid evil. Ameen.

Alhamdulillah, I recently purchased a copy of this book and have only read through the brilliant preface - well written and compelling masha'Allah.

al-Muhaddithat: the women scholars in Islam by Mohammad Akram Nadwi The following description is taken from the back-cover of the revised 2nd edition (February 2013): This is an adaptation of the prefatory volume of a 40-volume biographical dictionary (in Arabic) of women scholars of the Prophet's hadith. Learned women enjoyed high public standing and authority in the formative years of Islam. For centuries thereafter, women traveled intensively for religious knowledge and routinely attended the most prestigious mosques and madrasas across the Islamic World. Typical documents (like class registers and ijazahs from women authorizing men to teach) and the glowing testimonies about their women teachers from the most revered ulema are cited in detail. An overview chapter, with accompanying maps, traces the spread of centres of hadith learning for women, and their eventual decline. The information summarized here is essential to a balanced appreciation of the role of women in Islamic society.

RAMADAAN FOR WOMEN (this article can also be read here on Islamicteachings.org) By Hafidha Rayhaanah Omar In her article, 'A Women's Guide to Spirituality in Ramadan during Menstruation and Postnatal Bleeding' Kanika Aggarwal states: "Our menstrual cycles (or postnatal bleeding) are a part of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala's creation and something that is ordained by Him. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala tells us in the Qur'aan that "He has created us in the best of moulds" [At-Teen 95:4]. We are also told that Allah has "appointed a due proportion" [At-Talaq65: 2-3] for everything and that "for every matter there is an appointed time given" [Ar-Rad:38]. Thus, to complain about it would be to question the Wisdom of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. This is not anything to feel sad or inconvenienced about, but rather it should be accepted as part of the Divine Wisdom. This same message was conveyed to us by Ayesha radi Allahu 'anha via the hadith of the Prophet sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam. Ayesha narrates that, "We set out with the sole intention of performing Hajj and when we reached Sarif, my menses began. The Messenger of Allah sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam came to me while I was crying and asked, 'What is the matter with you? Has your menses started?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'This is something which Allah has destined for the daughter of Adam.'" [Al-Hakim] Whispered supplications: · Increase in Du'aa; this meritorious act is the essence of worshipping Allah subhaanahu wa Ta'ala. So often, we are occupied with tilaawatul Qur'aan, nafl / qadhaa salah, etc. – here is an amazing opportunity to connect to the Creator. I personally love to review the du'as of the pious'Ulamaa, especially the transcription of Mawlana Yunus Patel (rahmatullahi'alayh)'s du'as. Spiritual investments: · Do the adhkar (remembrance of Allah) for morning and evening narrated from the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam), recite a short chapter a day from the Munaajate Maqbool, Hizbul Aazam, morning and evening du'aas, and salaat and sallam. During this time of the month, when mood swings are pretty much prevalent, we are gifted with special prescriptions that can settle us in calmness and peace: Dhikrullah. · Seek forgiveness from Allah subhanahu wa Ta'ala by reciting abundant istighfaar throughout the day or night. Recite Durood Shareef upon Rasoolullah (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) often. The virtues are tremendous, the benefits immense! · Set aside time to memorise Allah subhanahu wa Ta'ala's Names and their meanings. The hadeeth of Rasoolullah (sallalaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) should be motivation enough: "Indeed, Allah has 99 names; whoever memorizes them will enter Jannah. [sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim] Use the Asmaa ul Husnaa' in making du'a to Him. If you have already memorised the Names, review and choose to teach them to one more person. · Remember to seek out Laylat ul-Qadr throughout the month and do not let even one night go by without making du`a'. · Learn or revisw one Sunnah a day and bring it alive into your life! · Read an authentic book on the seerah of Rasoolullah (sallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam); review your favourite – motivating or insightful - excerpts from an Islamic book. · Offer to listen to your spouse / child's dhor (if they are huffadh and preparing with their revision for salaatut-taraweeh). · Make tawbah (repentance) and shukr (gratitude). · Contemplate the creation of the heavens and the earth, as a result you will be considered among the people of understanding whom Allah mentioned in the Qur'aan. · Reflect about gratitude to Allah subhanahu wa Ta'ala, loving Him, fearing Him, hoping for His Mercy and longing to meet Him - by doing so, you would have achieved great acts of worship while you may be resting or reclining. Meal preparations: · Assist in the preparation of meals for those sitting in i'tikaaf. · Join a group of sisters in cooking iftaar for expectant mommies, boarding students / newcomers to your city, expatriate in the area, etc. and surprise them with a simple homemade. · Search out new reverts, those who are newly practicing or people disconnected from the community and invite them over for iftaar. Helping hands: · Offer to babysit for family members and neighours during Taraweeh so that they can pray with added khushu' · Volunteer your assistance to complete chores or errands for a needy widow · Assist the elderly in their visits to a doctor or general clinic · Play an active role at a local / regional orphanage or soup kitchen. · Work on co-ordinating a donation project of clothes, food, toys or money etc. · Find out who is sick in your area or in the local hospital and go visit them or offer to assist them with hospital admin / paper work. Eid preparations: · Get a head start on spring cleaning, laundry, Eid shopping etc. that needs to be done now, so that you can fully focus on fasting / salah/ tilaawatul Qur'aan post-haidh or nifaas. · Why not prepare and freeze some vegetables /food now so that meal preparations are easier during the last 10 days of Ramadaan? · Make Eid/Ramadan goodie bags for the orphans so that they feel loved and feel attached to the Ummah of Islam. P · lay an active role in co-ordinating a Ramadaan / Eid awareness programme at your local school / madrasah / workplace. Reflect on your Ramadhan goals: REVIEW - RENEW – REFRESH. Reflecting upon your goals and intentions for this month of spiritual transformation, for they are key components to your personal development and spiritual growth, especially beyond Ramadhan… "Beware of every hour and how it passes, and only spend it in the best possible way, do not neglect yourself, but render it accustomed to the noblest and best of actions, and send to your grave that which will please you when you arrive to it." [imam Ibn Al-Jawzee] EISLAM

Worship in Ramadan For a Menstruating Woman (this article can also be read here on Islamicteachings.org) Answered by Ustadha Naielah Ackbarali Question: If a sister is unable to fast the last 10 days of Ramadan, what are somethings she is permissible to do since those last ten 10 are sacred? Answer: Assalamu alaykum Ramadan Mubarak. AlhamduLlilah, it’s very inspiring to hear that sisters are concerned about continuing acts of worship during their menstrual cycles. Menstruation Is Not A Punishment The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said about menstruation, “Verily this is a matter Allah has written upon the girls of Prophet Adam (Allah bless him)…” [bukhari] Those who claim that menstruation is like a punishment because one cannot perform acts of worship are severely mistaken. On the contrary, there are many forms of worship that a woman can do while menstruating aside from what is legally prohibited. Allah says in the Quran, “He who obeyeth Allah and His messenger, and feareth Allah, and keepeth duty (unto Him): such indeed are the victorious.” [Nur: 52] Allah Most High has commanded menstruating women and women in a state of lochia (post-natal bleeding) to refrain from the ritual prayer and ritual fasting. Thus, if a menstruating woman fulfills this command with the intention to submit to Allah’s order, she is actually worshipping Allah the entire time that she refrains from the ritual prayer and ritual fasting. As one of my teachers in Damascus said, “Her praying while pure is worship (ibada) and her refraining from prayer while menstruating is worship. All of it is worship” Therefore, there’s nothing dreadful or awful about menstruation or lochia (post-natal bleeding), rather it is a person’s attitude towards it. Suggested Acts of Worship During Menstruation in Ramadan These suggestions are not specific to the last ten nights of Ramadan but to the month in general. Furthermore, they also apply to women in a state of lochia (post-natal bleeding). 1. Listen to the Quran “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong).” [baqara: 185] She should listen to the Quran as much as possible, while simultaneously pondering about its deep meanings. She should cry when she hears about the eternal punishment, hoping that Allah will save her from its blazing flames. She should feel happiness and joy when hearing about the bounties of Paradise and desire that Allah will make her of those that will be honored to experience its bliss. If she cannot cry, then she should force herself to cry, allowing her entire soul to express its complete pleasure of being from those who follow the truth and are rightly guided. In the Hanafi madhhab, it is prohibited to actually touch the mushaf (bound Arabic Quran), including its insides, its page margins and its cover (if it is attached to the mushaf). It is also prohibited to recite the Quran, which means to move one’s lips while producing sound. [ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar] It is sinful to touch a translation or a tafsir of the Quran while menstruating. It is permissible to read the Arabic script or its translation with her eyes, such as on a computer screen or other electronic devices. [ibn Abidin, Manhal al-Waridin] She can also read the Quran in her heart. 2. Make Much Remembrance (Dhikr) of Allah “…and men who remember Allah much and women who remember – Allah hath prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.” [The Confederates: 35] She should use every free moment to exalt the Lord of the Worlds. There are many related dhikrs that a woman can recite. She should buy a supplication (dua) book and recite its invocations as it will strengthen her relationship with her Lord and draw her nearer to Him with each word uttered. If the invocations include Quranic verses that contain the meanings of supplication, praise, remembrance, or protection, it is permissible to say these during a state of menstruation upon the condition that it is read with this intention. [shurunbulali, Maraqi al-Falah; Tahtawi, Hashiyyat al-Tahtawi] Some examples are reading Surat al-Ikhlas, Surat al-Falaq, Surat al-Nas, Surat al-Fatiha, and Ayat al-Kursi with the intention of supplication, not reciting the Quran. In the Hanafi madhhab, it is an overall recommendation that a menstruating woman make ablution (wudu) for each prayer time, sit in her usual place of worship, and make dhikr for the time it takes for her to normally pray so that she does not lose her habit of worship while in this state. [ibn Abidin, Manhal al-Waridin] 3. Send Blessings on the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) Allah says in the Quran, “Lo! Allah and His angels shower blessings on the Prophet. O ye who believe! Ask blessings on him and salute him with a worthy salutation.” [The Confederates: 56] She seeks the tremendous benefit of sending blessings and praise (salawat) upon the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) because it is an act that increases her love for him (Allah bless him and give him peace). She reflects upon his nature and expresses her gratitude to Allah for sending mankind such a wonderful example of mercy and piety. She longs to meet him and to drink from his pond (hawd) on the Day of Judgment. She intends to follow him and emulate his character (Allah bless him and give him peace). 4. Give Generously In Charity The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said, “The best charity is that given in Ramadan.” [al-Tirmidhi] She should reach into her pocket and give whatever she can without hesitation. She longs to give to those in need, and she thanks Allah for bestowing upon her the financial ability to help others. She refrains from praising herself for the charity she offers but rather, she donates her wealth out of pure submission to the Divine. 5. Be Kind to Others, Including Spouses & Family Members The Companion Salman al-Farasi related that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said about Ramadan in a sermon given on the last day of Sha’ban, “…It is a month of patience and the reward of patience is Paradise…” [sahih ibn Khuzayma; Sayuti, al-Jami’ al-Kabir; Bayhaqi, Shu`ab al-Iman] She uses this time to rebuild and mend any broken relationships. She showers her loved ones with words and acts of gentleness, compassion, consideration, patience, and love. She doesn’t use her menstruation as an ‘excuse’ to wrong others and resort to bad temper. She forgives those that have mistreated or offended her. She prays that Allah will forgive her if she wronged others. She keeps the company of the righteous and those who will increase her in piety. 6. Make Dua for the Ummah The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said about Ramadan, “Verily, Allah frees people (from the Hellfire) in every day and every night and for each Muslim among them is a supplication which will be answered.” [Ahmad] She supplicates for the entire ummah—praying for their forgiveness, their well-being, and Allah’s mercy upon them. She can say a dua related by the scholar al-Khurkhi: Allahumma Aslih Ummat Muhammad. Allahumma Farrij ‘an Ummat Muhammad. Allahumma Irham Ummat Muhammad “O Allah, improve the community of Muhammad. O Allah, relieve the community of Muhammad. O Allah, have mercy on the community of Muhammad.” [al-Asbahani, Riyada al-Abdan] 7. Make Much Repentance The Companion Salman al-Farasi related that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said about Ramadan in a sermon given on the last day of Sha’ban, “…It is a month (in which) the first of it is mercy, and the middle of it is forgiveness, and the last of it is pardon from the Fire…” [sahih ibn Khuzayma; Sayuti, al-Jami’ al-Kabir; Bayhaqi, Shi’b al-Iman] She asks Allah to pardon her, cover her sins, and save her from the Hell-fire. She begs for forgiveness and realizes her absolute neediness to His mercy. She wakes up in the middle of the night, even though she is menstruating, and repents in a time when Allah promises to forgive. 8. Feed Fasting People The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) also said in the aforementioned sermon, “…Whoever feeds a fasting person in (the month of Ramadan), for him is the forgiveness of his sins and freeing his neck from the Fire…” [sahih ibn Khuzayma; Sayuti, al-Jami’ al-Kabir; Bayhaqi, Shi’b al-Iman] She hosts her relatives, friends or community members for iftar. She tries to accommodate her guests in the best manner possible but avoids excessiveness. She realizes that feeding fasting people is an act of worship and it is not an opportunity to seek compliments for her cooking and hospitality. 9. Show Allah Goodness The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and give him peace) said, “Ramadan has come to you. (It is) a month of blessing, in which Allah covers you with blessing, for He sends down Mercy, decreases sins and answers prayers. In it, Allah looks at your competition (in good deeds), and boasts about you to His angels. So show Allah goodness from yourselves, for the unfortunate one is he who is deprived in (this month) of the mercy of Allah.” [Tabarani] She utilizes her free time to help and assist others with their needs. She is a means for them to achieve benefit in this great month. She wakes her family up to perform worship in the night and encourages them to do extra works of obedience. She sacrifices her own time to volunteer at her Islamic community center or local charities. She helps babysit a mother’s child so that the mother can attend tarawih. She does whatever she can to aid the believers in completing the good with excellence. She avoids looking at and listening to what is unlawful. Instead, she directs her eyes, ears, and spirit to that which is advantageous for her Hereafter. She attends classes, webinars, and lectures given by recognized scholars in an effort to surround herself with people of sound religion. She seeks beneficial knowledge and aims to implement what she’s learned in her own life. She actively pursues furthering her understanding of Islam and affirms her faith every time the wisdom of this great religion touches her heart. 10. Carry Out Any Righteous Deed Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah’s Messenger (Allah bless him and give him peace) said, “When the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained” [bukhari, Muslim] She realizes that now is the perfect time to carry out any act of good. The devils are chained and there is nothing to hold her back from committing herself to absolute slavehood to her Lord. Barak Allah fikum Naielah Ackbarali Ramadan 17 1431 August 27, 2010 Checked & Approved by Faraz Rabbani seekersguidance

Reminder insha'Allah....

10 things a Women on Menses can do in Ramadan Almighty Allah has made it easy for a women in Ramadan during her menses for she is still able to get the same rewards as men. The good deed accounts don't stop when a women is menstruating for the angels are continuing writing down good deeds as long as a women is doing good actions in order to please Allah. The following are 10 good deeds a women can do whilst on her menses during Ramadan and throughout the whole year: 1. Listen to Qur'an recitation: Listening to recitation is the perfume of the souls, the calmer of hearts, and the food of the spirit. Is is one of the most important psychological medicines. It is a source of pleasure, even to some animals – and pleasure in moderation purifies inner energy, enhances the functioning of the faculties, slows down senile decay by driving out its diseases, improves the complexion, and refreshes the entire body. Pleasure in excess, on the other hand, makes the illnesses of the body grow worse. Abu Nu’aim states, in his Tib an-Nabbi, that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said that the benefits of listening to recitation are increased when it is understood – that is, when its meaning is understood. Allah Himself says:…so give good news to My slaves, those who listen to the word and then follow the best of it…(Qur’an: 39.17-18) Source: As-Suyuti’s Medicine of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) 2. Read the tafseer and meanings of the Qur'an: To reflect upon the verses of Allaah is a form of worship; it is something that will draw one close to Allah, Most High. Allaah, Most High, Says in the Quran (what means): "Then do they not reflect upon the Quran? If it had been from [any] other than Allaah, they would have found within it much contradiction." [Quran: 4:82] We should try to understand the Qur'an: Ibn Kathir says regarding tafsir of [soorah al-A'raf (7): 179]: The similitude of the one, who memorizes the Qur'an but does not act in accordance to it, is like a donkey, which carries a load of books, but does not understand! We should read and study the deeper meanings of the Qur'an and act upon everything we read as this is what the Sahaaba did. Some of the Sahaaba took a very long time finishing the Qur'an because they wanted to implement everything they read before moving on to the rest of the Qur'an. 3. Dhikr of Allah: A woman on her menses can do excessive dhikr night and day. We will all have utter regret for each second wasted without remembering Allah: Mu`adh Ibn Jabal (RA) said that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said: "The People of Paradise will not regret anything except one thing alone: the hour that passed them by in which they made no remembrance of Allah." Narrated Bayhaqi in Shu`ab al-iman (1:392 #512-513) The highest rank in Jannah are for those who remembered Allah the most: Abu Sa`id (RA) narrates the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) was asked, "Which of the servants of Allah is best in rank before Allah on the Day of resurrection?" He said: "The ones who remember him much."I said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about the fighter in the way of Allah?" He answered: "Even if he strikes the unbelievers and mushrikin with his sword until it broke, and becomes red with their blood, truly those who do Dhikr are better than him in rank." (Ahmad, Tirmidhi, & Bayhaqi) Therefore we should remember Allah as much as we can & glorify him night & day, not just in Ramadan but until our very last breath. What better time to start remembering Allah more than in this most blessed month. So we should set ourselves daily targets of doing as much Dhikr as we can. We can remember & glorify Allah whatever we are doing throughout the day. At work, whilst cooking, shopping & even whilst relaxing. We should remember Allah in our heart's & not just by our tongues. We should also contemplate over his magnificence & his creations & imagine him in front of us as we glorify & remember him. The following are 10 Dhikr, supported by Hadith that we can recite throughout the day & night in Ramadan until our last breath: Note: We should try & aim to recite each of these 10 Dhikr a 100 times each which makes a total of 1000 a day minimum. 1. Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun tuhibbul 'afwa fa'fu 'annee - Recite this abundantly during the last ten nights of Ramadan. 2. Subhaanallah 3. Alhamdulillah 4. Allahu Akbar 5. Laa ilaaha illallah 6. LA HAWLA WA LA QUWWATA ILLA BILLAH-HIL ALIYYIL ADHEEM 7. Asthaghfirullah-halladhee Laa ilaaha illa-huwal Hayyul Qayyuumu Wa athoobu Ilay Or short version: Asthaghfirullah 8. SUB-HAAN'ALLAAHi WA BI-HAM'DIHI SUB-HAAN'ALLAH-IL ADHEEM Or short version: SUB-HAAN'ALLAAHi WA BI-HAM'DIHI 9. Subhāna-llāhi, wa-l-hamdu li-llāhi, wa lā ilāha illā-llāhu, wa-llāhu akbar. Wa lā hawla wa lā quwwata illā bi-llāhi-l-aliyyi-l-azīm 10. Lā ilāha illā-llāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu lahu-l-mulku wa lahu-l-ḥamdu yuhyi wa yumītu wa huwa ḥayyu-llā yamūtu abadan abada, ḏū-l-jalāli wa-l-ikrām, biyadihi-l-khayr, wa huwa alā kulli Shay-in qadīr Or the shortened version: Laa ilaaha illal-laahu wahdahu laa shareeka lahu, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu wa huwa ‘alaa kulli shay-in qadeer We should also recite much of durood e Ibrahim which is the durood that is recited towards the end of Salaah. Or the shortest durood is: Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallim 4. Dua & Repentance: A woman in her menses can make excessive Dua to Allah night and day. Almighty Allah says in the Qur'an: "When my servants ask you concerning me, (tell them) I am indeed close (to them). I listen to the prayer of every suppliant when he calls on me." [2:186] The place of Dua is so high in front of Allah, that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallim) has said: "Nothing is more honourable to Allah the Most High than Dua." [sahih al-Jami` no.5268]. Allah loves repentance & loves those who turn to him in sincere repentance: Truly Allah loves those who turn [to Him] in repentance... (Qur'an 2:222) Many of us rush our Dua’s & quite often our hearts are not present whilst we are making dua to Allah. That is why we lose out on much of the benefits & blessings of Dua. Therefore we should not let our minds wonder whilst in Dua & we should concentrate more, making sure our hearts are present whilst asking of Allah. Whilst we are in dua we should imagine Almighty Allah in front of us & so we should humble ourselves in front of him in a state of meekness & humility. It may also help if we made a list of what we want to ask Allah during our dua’s. We can then refer to this list as a reminder so that we can cover everything we need to ask him, which may help in making our Dua’s longer & more sincere. This is because we will not always remember everything we want to ask Allah unless we note it down & refer back to it when we need to. The times when Dua's are most accepted during Ramadan are: 1. The third portion of the night shortly before sehri ends. 2. Whilst fasting. 3. Between Asr & Maghrib. 4. Just before fast opens. 5. On Jumma before & after khutba. 6. Between Adhan & Iqamah. 7. Whilst raining. 8. After Qur'an recitation. 9. The Night of Qadr Let us not be of those who pass by Ramadan without gaining any forgiveness: Rasullullah (sallahu’ ‘alaihi wasallam) said: ...the angel Jibra’il appeared before me and said: Destruction to him who found the blessed month of Ramadan and let it pass by without gaining forgiveness...’ Upon that I said: ‘Amin.’ (Al-Bukhari, Al-Tabrani) We should ask of Allah to accept all of our good deeds & efforts throughout Ramadan & be hopeful that Allah will accept it from us. We should also have FULL hope that Allah will accept our Dua’s if not in this world then in the hereafter. We should accept his decree for he knows best in all matters. Narrated ‘Ubaadah that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whoever seeks forgiveness for the believing men and believing women, Allah will write for him a good deed for EACH believing man and believing woman.” (Tabarrani) Subhanallah this deed can be done in EVERY dua and can you imagine how many rewards can be gained for each and every Muslim you make dua for from Adam alayhis 'salam until now and the last Muslim on earth. This is the easiest way to earn rewards that go into the billions and the more you make these dua's then the more your good deed account wil get filled! Every night in the last ten nights the following dua should be recited abundantly: Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: I asked the Messenger of Allah (Salallahu Alayhi Wasallim): 'O Messenger of Allah, if I know what night is the night of Qadr, what should I say during it?' He said: 'Say: "Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun tuhibbul 'afwa fa'fu 'annee" O Allah, You are pardoning and You love to pardon, so pardon me.' " (Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Tirmidhi). 5. Learning Islamic knolwedge: A woman in her menses can learn Islamic knowledge as much as she can through books, online, teachers etc "Allah will exalt those who believe among you, and those who have been granted knowledge to high ranks." (Qur'an) "Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male and female)." (Hadith) THE VIRTUES OF KNOWLEDGE Allah (Most Exalted is He), Who created us and gave us sustenance, has also given us guidance. He said: "Verily We have created man into toil and struggle… Have We not made for him a pair of eyes; and a tongue, and a pair of lips; and shown him the two ways (obedience and disobedience)?" (Qur'an, Al-Balad 90:4-10) After providing us with the capability to contemplate, think and differentiate between things, He instructed us to know Him, to know his Prophets and to know His Deen, Islam. He said: "So know that there is no god save Allah, ask forgiveness for your sins and for the believing men and the believing women. Allah knows well your moving and your place of rest." (Qur'an, Muhammad 47:19) This verse shows the importance of knowledge and the virtues that Allah has given to it. It also shows that knowledge comes before deeds, since Allah instructed His Prophet to know that He is One and the only One worthy of worship. After that, He commanded him to ask forgiveness for himself, his family and for his Ummah. If Muslims truly realise the importance Islam places on knowledge and its virtues, they will definitely be keen to learn and teach others. They would start with themselves and their families; then their neighbours and the community at large. 6. Serving your parents: A man once asked the Prophet Muhammad (Salallahu Alayhi Wasallim): "'Should I join the jihad?' He asked, 'Do you have parents?' The man said, 'Yes!' The Prophet (Salallahu Alayhi Wasallim) said, 'Then strive by serving them!'" (Sahih Al-Bukhari, No. 5972) Therefore serving one's parents is even better than jihad so serve your parents as much as you can and gain rewards you can NEVER imagine! Treating your parents the best: To be obedient and to show kindness to parents has been enjoined in the Holy Quran in such a manner as to say that among the noble deeds, to obey parents, treat them respectfully and to show kindness to them is next to worshipping Almighty Allah. The Quran says, "Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honour." - Surah Al Isra (17:23). The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said:“What a loss is for him! What a loss is for him! What a loss is for him!” Someone asked: “Who, O Allah's Messenger?” He replied: “He whose parents reach old age, either one or both of them, and he does not use their presence (by being good to them, etc.) to cause him to enter Paradise.” (Muslim) Abdullah bin Mas'ood (RA), observed: "I asked Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) which deed was the best." He replied: 'The Prayer at its appointed hour.' I (again) asked: "Then what?" He replied: 'Kindness to the parents.'... (Sahih Muslim: 120) So a woman in her menses should do what she can to serve her parents in anyway that she can like for eg clean the house so that her parents do less, attend to their every need etc. Surely she will be pleasing Allah so much and gaining unimaginable rewards! 7. Giving dawah: "And who is better in speech than he who invites to Allah and does righteous deeds, and says: 'I am one of the Muslims.'"[al-Qur'aan, Fussilat(41):33] A woman on her menses can give dawah to other sisters and non Muslims. We should spend our lives inviting others towards Allah whether they are Muslim or non Muslim. "Let there arise out of you a band of people inviting to all that is good, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong. They are prosperous ones." (3.104) We should not argue with them or use a harsh manner but use wisdom, tact and the best approach possible: Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious. (16:125) We should enjoin good and forbid evil for it is a duty upon us: The Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: ‘Indeed, by Allah, you either enjoin good and forbid evil and catch hold of the oppressor and persuade him to act justly and stick to the truth, or, Allah will involve the hearts of some of you with the hearts of others and will curse you as he had cursed them’ (At-Tirmidhi) Whatever beneficial knowledge we have we should convey it unto others so that they may also benefit from it: Zaid b. Thabit (RA) narrated the Prophet(Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said: "May Allah cause to have freshness and brilliance the man who hears what I say and keeps it in mind, then convey it to others. (Ahmad, 5-183) We should know that any good action another does because of some beneficial knowledge we have shared then we will also have a share of it: "Whoever guides [another] to a good deed will get a reward similar to the one who performs it." (Sahih Muslim) So she can give dawah by text, e mail, direct or indirect 8. Best Manners, Character & Conduct: A woman on her menses should show the best manners, character and conduct in this blessed month and throughout her life. She should strive to be of those with the best of characters and manners as that is what will elevate us in the hereafter: Rasulallah (Sallallahu Alahi wasallam) used to say: The best amongst you are those who have the best manners and character. (Related by al-Bukhari) Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said: There is none heavier in the scales of the Hereafter than good character, (Hadith narrated by al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud). Subhanallah so if we show good character outside of Ramadan then it is of the heaviest on the scales but can you imagine the rewards of good character in Ramadan? The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said: "The best loved by me and the nearest to me on the seats on the Day of Resurrection are those who have the best manners and conduct amongst you, who are intimate, are on good terms with others and are humble, and the most hated by me and who will be on the furthest seats from me are those who are talkative and arrogant." (Tirmidhi) So let us strive to perfect our manners, character and conduct and know that these good deeds will be of the heaviest on the scales and will enable us to reach the highest ranks of Jannah 9. Charity: A women in her menses should spend in the way of Allah as much as she can for charity extinguishes sins save one from the fire: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said: “Charity wipes out sins as water extinguishes fire.” (Tirmidhi) Charity should be paid secretly: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said: “Righteous deeds protect a person from an evil end; a charity spent in secret extinguishes Allah’s wrath; and maintaining good ties of kinship increases ones lifespan.” (Tabaraani) Removing harmful objects from people’s way is also a charity: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said:“I saw a man enjoying himself in Paradise (simply) because he removed from a road a tree that used to harm people.”(Muslim) Providing for ones family is a charity: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wasallam) said:“If a man provides for his family hoping for the reward, it will be counted as charity for him.”(Bukhari & Muslim) She can involve herself in charity work in her local community or for a charity organisation. She can do various projects to raise money and awareness for good cauises. 10. Serve and obey Husband: It is obligatory on all Muslim woman to obey their husbands in all matters of good. She is promised Paradise for fulfilling her obligations unto her husband. Abu Hurairah reported that Allaah’s Messenger (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “If a woman prays her five (daily) prayers and keeps her private parts chaste and obeys her husband, she will enter Paradise from any of the doors of Paradise she wishes.” [ibn Hibbaan] So whether a woman is on her menses or not she should do her utmost this Ramadan and for the rest of her life to serve and obey her husband in the best manner possible for the pleasure of Allaha and in doing so she will not only be pleasing Allah but she will gain unimaginable rewards Conclusion Therefore a woman on her menses must never feel that she is not able to gain the blessings and reward of the month of Ramadan. There is NOTHING stopping her from gaining IMMENSE rewards equal to that of a man. All that is required from her is effort, the right good intentions and sincerety in her actions. May Allah enable us to gain he best of this month. Ameen (Source)

sister Haya canim: Alhamdulillah, alhamdulillah, alhamdulillah... I feel the same way inside and out :) Insha'Allah what food we prepare we make use of and nothing goes to waste - especially now, but always. Please do keep us in your du'aas dear.

:) my sisters!

With regards to the article, insha'Allah the most important part to bear in mind here is the need to take account of our own actions. We all do hurtful things to some degree and perhaps being on the receiving end of a big dose from another sister (or in the case of brothers, a brother) is a blessing - insha'Allah at least it makes us recognize the hurt & make a change in ourselves. Insha'Allah that'll have a ripple effect on others too. As a sister calling out to sisters: Insha'Allah let's all take this well timed article (going into Ramadan) as a reminder to specifically include each other in our daily personal accounting. And to seek forgiveness from all those we've hurt. To all those I have caused hurt or harm to - please find it in your hearts to forgive me and Insha'Allah let's stand united in heart & soul, as strong ummati ought to. Insha'Allah let's set contemporary examples of what sisterhood is all about!

THE ROAD TO PARADISE BY DR. `ABDULLAH AL-SHIMEMERI ON 09 AUGUST 2011 . POSTED IN THE PARADISE OF DELIGHTS Certainly the ultimate goal of every Muslim is Paradise As with all aspects of the Unseen, it can be only imagined through analogy, yet its realities are far beyond description in any human language. Allah (subhaanahu wa ta`aala) has prepared for His servants, "What no eye has seen and no ear has heard and has never occurred to a human heart." [al-Bukhaari, Muslim and others] This eternal home is not limited to what is described here of material and spiritual enjoyments, for it includes "all the soul has longed for" and finally, the greatest and most complete pleasure beyond all imagination - the presence and nearness of the Creator Himself. Who are the inheritors of such blessing? Who are the souls worthy of such reward? It is common belief among Muslims today that anyone who professes "La Ilaha ill-Allah" and "MuhammadunRasoolullah" will enter Paradise. Yet this testimony is more than a statement of the tongue. It is an oath, a commitment that must be fulfilled. It has conditions and requirements which affect all aspects of life. It concerns authority - what actually governs our behaviour and deeds. The Arabs of Quraish who refused to pronounce this kalimah did so because they fully understood its implications. Yet Muslims repeat it today without a second thought, their actions and lifestyles bearing witness to something totally different. And they expect Paradise! In the Qur'aan, Allah (Almighty) has warned against complacency in religion like that of the Jews and Christians who mistakenly claim that God has favoured them over others and that Paradise is theirs alone: "It is not by your wishes, nor the wishes of the People of the Scriptures. Whoever does a wrong shall be punished for it, and he will not find other than Allah as a protector or helper." Yet many of today's Muslims consider themselves a chosen people, while neglecting the commands of their Lord, turning their backs on the Sunnah of their Prophet (peace be upon him) and insisting on a secular life far from the blessings of divine law... perhaps even going so far as to deny certain aspects of that law. Customs and traditions, materialism, man-made social systems, national leaders and even their own inclinations are now sharing the authority which rightfully belongs exclusively to our Creator, Owner of the Day of Judgment. The reward of Paradise is too great not to have a price. That price is true faith which is proven by obedience to Allah and His Messenger. The Qur'aan states, "And whoever desires the Hereafter and exerts the effort due to it while being a believer - those are the ones whose effort is appreciated [by Allah]." [ 17:19 ] We must return to the Qur'aan, not simply in an emotional or academic manner, but with a sense of instruction for obedience and action. We must find out what kind of people Allah has asked us to be and then become as such. This is the road to Paradise.

What should we feed the cat? (Part II) Is it permissible for us to purchase and feed our cat commercially available food containing ingredients that are not halal and/or that contain un-Islamically slaughtered meat? Short answer: No, it is not permissible. To expand, lets take a look at a few fataawa and commentary from scholars (hanafi fiqh). Mufti Ebrahim Desai of Ask Imam answers a related question as follows: Question: I have a cat and have been told that it is not allowed to buy tinned cat food for him as the meat inside is haram..instead I should buy halal meat and prepare it for him.? please clarify Answer: "It is Haraam to consume Haraam food. Similarly, it is Haraam to take any benefit from the Haraam food. To buy or sell Haraam food is also Haraam. Therefore, it is not permissible to buy Haraam food to feed the cat. Halaal meat should be used. (Fataawa Rahimiyyah vol.10 pg.138; Darul Ishaat)" "and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best " -Mufti Ebrahim Desai Mufti Yusuf Mullan answers a related question as follows: Question: Cats and purchasing pet food that contains un-Islamically slaughtered meat: is it allowed? Answer: Wa alaikum salaam, It is haram to buy this cat food. The prohibition against buying or selling unislamically slaughtered meat (maytah), for the reason mentioned in the question i.e. its having no property value is established through absolute textual proof. There is scholarly consensus on this issue. For an alternative to commercially sold pet food, visit http://www.pet-grub.com/ and other similar web-sites. Simply use islamically-slaughtered meat when preparing the meals. It means caged. And Allah knows best. Yusuf Mullan Mufti Ebrahim Desai answers another related question as follows: Question: can u feed your pet dog with pet food thatis not halaal? Answer: It is not permissible to feed any animal with Haraam food. and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best Mufti Ebrahim Desai Mufti Shafiq Jakura answers a related question as follows: Question: Is it permissible to feed ones pet cats, canned foods which contain haraam meat or chicken? Answer: It is neither permissible to purchase Haraam meat/products nor to personally directly feed it to one’s pets. Mufti Shafiq Jakhura Iftaa Department, Darul Ihsan Islamic Services Centre I concur with the answer: Mufti Zubair Bayat Ameer, Darul Ihsan Islamic Services Centre Mufti Husain Kadodia comments in answer to a related question: The masalah has nothing to do with the animal eating food which is haram for a human. It isn't Mukallaf - ordered to obey laws- thus the laws of halal and haram don't apply to it. The masalah is based on whether it is permissible to feed someone or something, haraam food. As eating haram meat is not permissible, thus feeding haraam meat to anyone or anything would also be forbidden. Yes, if you leave the meat lying somewhere, then the animal eats it - ie. u never fed it, but rather it found the food itself and ate it- then it is permissible. And Allah Ta'ala knows best Maulana Muhammad Yasin Achhodi comments in answer to a related question: The issue here is not about feeding, it's about "buying" Haram meat. Amongst Muslims in the past, this was not an issue as all the meet was slaughtered mainly locally, surrounding farms. Now it's coming from overseas, there's mechanical slaughtering and many other things. So it's about buying Haram meat... No Muslim should be okay with that and I'm certain no one is happy, content or okay with buying Haram meat for any purpose inshaAllah.

What should we feed the cat? (Part I) Here, we need to consider both the source as well as the nutritional content of the food we plan to feed our cat. Consider the following: * Do you have a halal source of food for the cat? * Cats have very specific dietary needs and it is important to take care to meet them in order to allow them the most physical comfort. While there are a few ‘all fish’ kibble formulas commercially available, many advise against an ‘all fish’ diet due to concerns over mercury levels in the food. * If commercial halal cat food is not available, look into what and how to prepare meals that are safe and nutritious for the cat before you pick it up. Know what you are getting into before you commit. Insha'Allah, I will cover these issues in detail in the following posts.

Reminder...

The following is an article written by Bint Assalaam and posted on Jamiatul Ulema (KZN) website: Is sisterhood dying? We hear it often, “By nature women are nurturers.” Just not always with each other. We easily speak about how men hate on women, but let’s talk about our propensity as women to hate on each other. And we do it frequently. Almost habitually, that unbeknownst to us, sizing each other up has become a skill we can perform in a matter of seconds. Women are often harder on each other than men. At home, at work, even at play, appraising and judging each other constantly. We have entered each other in a competition where the only prize on offer is an unfounded feeling of short-lived self satisfaction. In a never-ending pageant, we are contesting with and judging each other on our dress, marital status, occupation, smarts, social disposition, walk and talk. No matter how much girl power we profess to have over men we’re still insecure about it. We are strangely threatened by another woman possibly “stealing” our power that it drives us to wield that so called power over each other. A lot of women will tell you that they have either survived the torment served by at least one mean girl in their past, that girl who dismissed, belittled, or socially tortured them. There might be some who will tell you they are going through it right now. And chances are you’re actually the bully. Take for example that most mother and daughter – in – law relationships are based on mutual dislike or worse. The line between letting go and grabbing on too tightly is thin. Mother – in – laws are more often the ones abusing what’s meant to be a respectable seniority in these cases, to such an extent it results in the failure of some marriages. Most times these mothers – in – law suffered under the iron fist of their husband’s mother but instead of breaking the vicious cycle, they continue the “tradition”. One would think rearing one’s own kids would incline one to be more accepting of another’s. But instead power play has pushed some mothers – in – law to take out a hit on their new daughters. Because of this young women enter marriage with their guards up thinning the chances of a mother-daughter bond from forming. Sisterhood is dying. A recent study has found that two women are less likely to co-operate than two men when one is more powerful than the other. This contradicts the accepted notion that a woman’s nurturing nature makes it normal for them to help each other. Aside from this asphyxiation of one woman’s growth by another, the female newbie at a company undergoes all types of tests by those already there. If you’re too quiet, you’re labelled a snob. Speak up and you’re a big mouth. Take the initiative or push boundaries and you’re a suck up. Disagree with others views and you’re outcast and given the silent treatment. This happens with women in the same profession, of different professions and generally outside the workplace also. This strong arm tactic of mocking or shunning other women, and denying them a social connection works because according to experts, relationships are a source of solace and power to women and girls. But female bullying is not restricted to the real world only. Twitter and Facebook have opened up new arenas for it, with complete strangers slinging verbal vitriol at each other. Never mind that woman make silent deductions about other women based on their dress within seconds of meeting women across seas are openly typecasting each other. Social media has allowed women to betray, backstab and trash-talk each other without face-to-face conflict, to the amusement and glee of their friends and followers. It sets apart the real friends from the pseudo ones. Disagree with a woman on her status or tweet and you might earn the cold shoulder at work or even worse be unfriended. Constantly images of what the perfect woman should look like bombard us. It isn’t a surprise that the reason for women hating on women is self hate. Not being able to identify with this ridiculous slim, flawless, cellulite-free, and perfect image of beauty has created angry women. Envy, insecurity and feelings of intimidation drive women to knock other women down. More often than not these unhealthy feelings develop because of this visual assault, rather than a deep rooted psychological problem. Women with a strong sense of self and high self-esteem are less likely to hurt others, if they aren’t prone to making judgments about women of other cultures and religion. Sisterhood is drawing its last breaths. Unfortunately even amongst Muslim girls and women. We are choosing the wrong examples to direct our identities and so weaving flimsy friendships and relationships based on the superficial. If sisterhood in Islam transcended the surface levels of friendship, Muslim women could enjoy a very special bond with each other. As Muslim women we share a gift more special than any other, we share the belief in the Oneness of Allah SWT. This shared belief and testimony of faith should go beyond our differences of race, nationality, culture or language. Being a sister in Islam is one of many blessings but it also comes with a responsibility to each other. As Muslim women we are taught that there is great reward in loving each other for the sake of Allah SWT, that we should be trustworthy and show a cheerful face towards one another, that we should not abandon each other, that we should be faithful, forgiving, kind and tolerant to each other, that we should conceal each others flaws, and that we should love for each other what we love for ourselves. It’s fair to say the opposite is happening. We place each other in boxes of too religious, too modern, too pious,too quiet, too intelligent or too homely. The list goes on. We choose our friends based on the superficial and fail to make lasting friendships with other women because of our increasing envy, self-hate, insecurity and feelings of intimidation. If we are failing to build a strong sisterhood in Islam how do we expect that sisterhood to extend to women of all faiths to build a sisterhood in humanity.

Allah's Help "Allah’s help is with a person as long as he is helping his brother."(Muslim) If Allah is helping a person, is there anyone or anything that can repel Allah's help? Is there any greater help than the help that can come from Allah? How can one achieve that magnificent help? It is by turning to his brethren and helping them. As he helps his brothers, Allah will help him. This hadith gives a picture of what the ideal Islamic society should be like. It is a society in which its members help and assist one another. The different members of society should be working together and helping one another for everything that is good and righteous. They should help each other fulfill their needs and they should assist each other to make life easier for all. Compiled From: Commentary on the Forty Hadith of an-Nawawi (Source: Jamiatul Ulama (KZN) e-mail newsletter)

How are cats with small children? Cats are very sensitive to sound and most cats appreciate gentle handling. If you have young children, you might want to be careful in choosing a cat that is mellow enough to endure the inevitable poking, prodding and rough handling of little hands, not to mention loud sounds and cries. Cats have different temperaments and there are some that are quite intolerant while others will tolerate almost anything. While most cats will avoid rough handlers if given an avenue of escape, it is better to choose carefully and to slowly but surely integrate the cat into its new environment while educating children on proper handling. What should we look out for to make sure the cat's temperament matches our family? Bearing in mind that we have a responsibility to provide proper care for our families and any animal we bring into our homes, please take time to go as a family to visit with the cat you plan to adopt. See how you, your spouse, and the children respond to the cat and how the cat responds to you all. This should be done without calling attention to the possibility of adopting the cat since children will more than likely be quite excited and happy; but, conversely, heartbroken if the match is not right. Also, it might be worthwhile to visit friends and family with cats of different temperaments to see what works and what doesn't. Since the visit will be in an environment the cat is comfortable with, it will not be stressed and you can sit back and observe without worrying too much. One other suggestion is to offer to cat-sit in your home. This may be a bit more stressful for all involved but it will give you a much clearer picture of what to expect since all responsibility will be on your shoulders during its stay. There are ways to reduce stress for the cat and insha'Allah I will list those in a later post. Here are some suggestions on what to pay attention to: Additional considerations to bear in mind are: the cat's breed (to some extent), its history, and age. Younger (i.e. kitten) is not necessarily better and most cat shelters provide a brief history and cautionary notes on the cat's past life (if known) and behaviour. More on raising children with cats in the home ~~~ An example of what not to do and a suggestion on how to amend it: One of the first cats I brought home for my son was Tiger. He was meant as a 'surprise' gift for my son and so I hadn't taken him with me to the pet shelter when I went to pick Tiger up. While my son really loved Tiger, he was not the best fit for my family. Unfortunately, we found out the hard way by enduring a few months of him stalking the shortest member in the house (at that time, my son), and pouncing on any exposed toes and legs - scratching and biting in play. My son tolerated Tiger, fearful I would take him back. After a few months of trying to train the poor cat, who was loved and seemed content in our home, I finally called a no-kill group in our city about our little problem and inquired if there was any way we could exchange him with one of their fostered cats. Alhamdulillah, they did and Tiger went to a new home (without children), while we brought home Precious - a timid, mild mannered cat that had, had a litter of kittens and had acted as a surrogate mother to kittens who had lost their mother. Precious was almost the complete opposite of Tiger in every way and would meow as if she was profusely apologizing, often letting out a very light: "me-he-he-he-he" (as if saying "I'm-so-so-so-sorry").